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Morphological studies of the blood supply to the autopodium in cats and dogs

Morphological studies of the blood supply to the autopodium in cats and dogs

ABSTRACT

The aim of the present study was to obtain comparative data on the bood supply of the dog’ forepaw and hindpaw can be examined with anatomic, histologic, computed tomographic and ultrasound methods.

Thirthy-eight cadaver fore- and respectively hind limbs of deceased nineteen adult mixed-breed dogs were used. Altogether twelve limbs were prepared for using as corrosion cast. Аnother eight live dogs for radiography, CT and US examination was performed using on the both limbs which via brachial and femoral artery were cannuleted. We aquired at 1,5-mm-thick helical CT every 8 mm from the ankle and the elbow to the tip of digits after injection of contrast medium through these artery. An US examination of the autopodium was performed on including dorsal and palmar/plantar approach in both transverse and longitudinal views. The skin pads was investigated via US-enhanced in transverse views and them microvascularization on the enlightened preparations. Radiography was performed in both standard orthogonal projections dorsopalmar/plantar and lateromedial radiographic views. Four limbs were frozen and sectioned transversely. The anatomic structures were identified and correlated to the analogous structures on the corresponding CT slices and US images.

The arterial branch with loop shape in the tarsal joint and terminal arch with convex distal bracket into distal phalanx of the dog were described. Location of the venous arcs of the fore- and hind paw of the dog – double superficial palmar arch, superficial dorsal arch, superficaial plantar arch and digital arcs were confirmed. The digital venous arcs were identified on the phlebograms. The artery and veins of the metapodium and digits on the dog were determined and correlated on the corresponding CT slices and US images.

Into the skin pads the microvascularization, vessel’s formations and capillary networks with specific shape were observed. On the metacarpal and metatarsal pads and skin pads of the forelimb were performed for longer time more echogenic scans on the contrast US enhcanced images.
Results of this work was undertaken to document the normal appearance of the dog’s fore- and hindpaw blood vessel’s via radiography, ultrasonography, and computed tomography which may be used as are source for interpretation of dog autopodium blood vessels pathology using various diagnostic imaging modalities.

Kew words: dog, paws, blood vessels, radiography, computed tomography, ultrasonography