Academic courses
August 1, 2024 2025-07-31 19:01Academic courses
Academic courses – Internal Noninfectious Diseases, Pathology and Pharmacology department
Cardiology
Cardiology
Lecturers:
Clinical laboratory
Clinical laboratory
Clinical laboratory diagnosis of livestock is an important scientific discipline of a highly complex and applied nature, providing additional clinical training of students in veterinary medicine. The subject of the clinical laboratory involves the study of chemical and cellular composition of biological fluids and tissues of the animal organism in normal and pathological. In this regard, clinical laboratory tests provide objective prerequisites for students on the basis of a clinical trial to confirm or refute the initial diagnosis, to evaluate the effect of the treatment and the extent of recovery of the patient’s body, and to clarify the relationship between the resultant the study of a patient and the changes occurring in the body.
The study of clinical laboratory diagnostics enables students to learn and observe in their future work as a practicing veterinarians some basic requirements for the preparation of the patient and study material to create the conditions and skills for the correct choice of laboratory findings, the precise and fully interpret the results and correlation between parameters for different diseases and to understand more fully exploit the potential of survey data indicators to clarify the final diagnosis of the patient.
Lecturers:
Common Pathomorphology
Pathology (general pathological morphology)
The course of Common pathomorphology aims to acquaint the students with the morphological changes, wich occur with the common pathological prosses – dystrophy, atrphy, hypertrophy, regeneration, inflammation, neoplastic growth, disorders in the blood circulation and water-exchange, and also with the alterations at monstrosity and death.
During the lessons the macroscopic, histological, histochemical, immunochemical and ultrastructural changes in the affected organs and tissues are explained and demonsrated. All lectures, 45 teaching hours, are illustrated with slades, schemes, diagrams, etc. The laboratory classes, 30 teaching hours, are conducted on macroscopic and histological preparations, and also elektronograms. Thus the students get an accurate picture of structural changes in tissues, organs, together with explanations for functional disorders studied in pathological processes. Thus builds medical thinking, a necessary prerequisite for studying special pathologic anatomy, clinical disciplines and the Veterinary practice.
Students are prepared for the exam by providing them with outdoor classroom practice (macroscopic and histological preparations and a teacher on duty) for two days before each test date. The exam consists of two parts – theoretical and practical, as the final mark is formed two integrated parts.
Lecturers:
Dietetics
Dietetics
Veterinary dietetics is a clinical discipline, which studies the multilateral relationship between diet and health status of the animals, in particular the necessary dietary changes in certain diseases. Over the past few decades a significant body of scientific information revealing the etiological, pathogenetic, therapeutic and preventive role of nutrition in a number of diseases (urolithiasis, diabetes, obesity, chronic renal failure, heart failure etc.) is gained. Particularly rapid growth of clinical nutrition in companion animals (dogs and cats) is registered, as the prevention and treatment are aimed at maximum extension of the life span of the patients and improvement of its quality. In this respect a wide range of veterinary diets for dogs and cats are developed. In addition to commercial veterinary diets a significant growth in the production and use of nutraceutical products is also seen. In food-producing animals and equine the scope of dietetics is more limited (metabolic, deficiency diseases, etc.), which is mainly dictated by economic factors.
The discipline is studied in IX semester with only 15 lecture hours and 15 hours for practical exercises. It should be noted that the present course is insufficient to completed the clinical nutrition of companion animals, but it is also appropriate to cover in greater detail dietary requirements of food producing animals and equines. Therefore the dietary requirements of dogs and cats are discussed in-depth, and issues of clinical nutrition in other species is only affected.
Lecturers:
Game Diseases
Game diseases
For the complete and total preparation of the future veterinary doctors, a necessary element is the introduction of some basic positions about our helpful and harmful wildlife. In this discipline, a special attention is given to a number of diseases, which occur with a specific differences, distinguished with other disease in the same animals. A number of diseases specific for the wildlife are also viewed. The discipline add to the knowledge of the students about the antropozoonozes and gives a complete immersion over the cycle of distribution of the diseases (“natural distribution“). Proceeding from the immediate needs of the hunting economy and the economy as a whole, a special attention is given to the questions of the artificial breeding of the wildlife, and also about the wildlife for expensive and luxurious skins (industrial wildlife).
During the study course of ‘Wildlife preservation and wildlife diseases’’ the students are introduced consequently with the different noninfectious, infectious and parasitic diseases, which affect the different types of wild animals-mammals and birds. During the practical exams, the students attain abilities and habits of diagnostics, therapy (if its possible) and immunotherapy of the observed diseases.
Lecturers:
Internal Non-Infectious Diseases
Internal non-communicable diseases
Internal non-infectious diseases account for more than 50% of all livestock diseases. They are diseases of the digestive, urinary, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Diseases of metabolism, the musculoskeletal system, blood-forming organs, skin, etc.
Subject of study are diseases with their specific course in all species. Any disease is studied in terms of etiology, pathogenesis, symptomology, diagnosis, treatment, indicating the latest advances of world and our science in the study of non-infectious diseases. Emphasis is on the newest drugs and schemes for the treatment of these diseases. Particular attention is paid to the differential diagnosis between non-infectious pathology and diseases of infectious, invasion and other pathologies. To minimize the losses that internal non-infectious diseases cause to small and large domestic animals farms, an important place is given to the prevention of these diseases.
Lecturers:
Pathology (Special Pathology)
Pathology (Special Pathology)
Special path anatomy of animals studies the pathological changes and regularitiesq expressed in different morphological and morph functional changes in cellsq organs or organism of animals during the different diseases. The character of this discipline is bases of the four aspects of diseases, including the reason (etiology), mechanisms of development (pathogenesis), alterations, changes (clinical sings). On the one hand, these chenges are specific for different organs and systems and on the other hand for one or another disease. So the material of this discipline is separated in two different parts. In first the pathological processes specific for some organs and systems are studied. The reaction of different tissues to damages is defined from:
- The sensibility of tissue.
- Its ability to regenerate.
- The ability if tissues around to repair the defect.
- The relative usage of new-made tissue. That means that in different etiological noxes, the different organs can react with similar morph functional changes, and also when in the action take part the same agents – with different changes.
The second part is connected with studding of pathological changes in etiological separated diseases. So the full complex of path genetic mehanisms, changes and regularities in separated diseases units are explained.
At the beginning of its development the fundaments of path anatomy were based on the autopsies techniques and the microscopic characteristics of changes. Now, there are a lot of methods – histological, histochemical, immune-histological, autoradiographical, hibridisation, electro-microscopic and other techniqes. Itʼs now possible to be demonstrated in pathological aspect not only pathological changes in organism, but the etiological agents are investigated, and they are explained new aspects of pathogenesis of different diseases. With knowledge of this of other preclinical disciplines are based the cognitions and skills of veterinary doctor.
So briefly the special path anatomy is a discipline, which connect the fundamental scinences with clinical practice and is devoted to studding of structural and functional changes in cells, tissues and organs which are typical to the disease. They are used a large number of mflecular, virus logical, microbiological, immunological, morphological and other techniques, so the discipline create the ability of right comprehension of manifesting marks and symptoms and make a stable base for correct clinical approach, diagnostic and treatment.
Lecturers:
Pharmacology and Pharmacy
Pharmacology and Pharmacy
I. Veterinary pharmacy.
In the lecture course examined basic drug forms for agricultural and domestic animal.
II. Pharmacology-general and special part.
The general part of pharmacology covers the subject and aims of the pharmacology and its connections with other sciences. Origin of the drugs, names and classification of the drugs. Paths for introducing medications into the body. Pharmacokinetiks /resorbtion, distribution, biotransphormation and excretion of the drugs/. Pharmacokinetiks-clinical significance and application. Pharmacodynamics-uncellular and cellular mechanisms of their action. Kinds of their actions and effects. Dose. Kinds of doses. Therapeutic index. Therapeutic width. Combinative action of the drugs. The significance of the second drug infusion.
In the special part of the pharmacology the ideas are presented using mixed classification (chemical structure and pharmacodynamic action of the drugs). Each dosage group are dealt with their characteristics, actions, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic; their prescriptions, contraindications, their doses, toxicity, antidote therapy; drug interactions, adverse effects; withdrawal periods ets.
Lecturers:
Pharmacotherapy
Pharmacotherapy
Curriculum of the discipline “Pharmacotherapy” is designed to give basic knowledge on the application of drugs on diseased organism, in order to stop the development of the disease process or modifying the nature of its development in a favorable direction. It includes the study of basic principles and the integrated approach in the treatment of various diseases of respiratory, digestive and nervous systems; obstetrics and gynecology (including mastitis), skin and others. diseases. The principles and possibilities of antibacterial and antidote therapy, the treatment of inflammation and others.
Emphasis is placed on the correct choice of drug/drugs and adequate dosing regimen. The education of the studentsis directed to the determination of the precise dose, route of administration, frequency and duration of treatment (i.e. on the principles of rational therapy); Efficacy and safety of treatment; species sensitivity, possible risks, including human (adverse effects, resistance, allergies, sensitization); emergence of drug interactions (possible potentiation, antagonism, mutual interference), withdrawal periods and others.
The acquired knowledge will be useful for future professionals to use it not like a template but like a rational therapy adapted to the specific conditions (on the individual animal and the changing status).
Propedeutics of InternalDiseases
Propedeutics of internal diseases
Propedeutics of internal diseases of domestic livestock is important preclinical and clinical disciplines to prepare students in veterinary medicine. The object of Propedeutics is learning all the basic methods, ways and means of examination of the diseased animals, allowing for rapid and accurate diagnosis, and treat. In this regard Propedeutics examination plan provides the skills for examination of animals and the way clinical research in different types of livestock, and route of administration of medicines. It enables students to master these theoretical and practical research methods, learn them to logical thinking and use clinical findings to be able to make proper diagnosis of the disease. Learning the Propedeutics appears as prelude for studying not only non-communicable diseases, but diseases with surgical, obstetrics and gynecology, infectious and parasitic nature. The nature of internal diseases diagnosis is very difficult, which lead to use of variety of clinical and laboratory diagnostic methods. Propedeutics provides in-depth knowledge for some general and specific symptoms and syndromes in the individual diseases, for their origin and nature as an expression of disruption of the normal physiological and biochemical processes.
Lecturers:
Toxicology
Toxicology
The toxicology course is held in VIII semester, 2 hours of lectures and 1 hour of practical exercise per week (totally 30 hours of lectures and 15 hours exercises). Object of the program is clinical toxicology whose subject includes all exogenous substances (xenobiotics), which can lead animals with clinical signs of poisoning in the veterinary clinic. For each intoxication toxicity data are presented, the etiology, toxicogenesis, clinical signs, pathology findings, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and prevention are discussed. The aim is to provide students with basic knowledge for solving two major tasks:
- prevention of poisoning in animals;
- accurate diagnosis and therapy of intoxications.
The program is divided into two parts: general and special toxicology. The aim is to present current information on exogenous toxicological pathology in animals. Sources of poisoning are numerous. The most important intoxications for Bulgaria are selected. Some highly toxic substances from the past (organochlorine pesticides, some metals etc.) today are restricted or prohibited, which significantly reduces the toxicological risk. However, they are present in the program because there are not yet disposed of in the country, and because of their potential in terms of the global wave of terrorism today.
